GLAUCOMA
Glaucoma is a group of eye diseases inwhich the pressure of fluid within the eye gradually increases to a level not tolerated by the sensitive tissues of the eye. The optic nerve ,which carries visual images to brain is susceptible to damage from glaucoma. Such damage is irreversible, resulting in permanent loss of vision and blindness.
Glaucoma is said to be present in 3 percent of population and is often refered as silent thief of vision. Older individuals over the age of 40 are more likely to have glaucoma. People with myopia, diabetes, hypertension, and family history have an increased risk of glaucoma.
Most types of glaucomas can cause significant visual loss without any symptoms. Until advanced , vision stays normal and there is no pain or rednessof the eye. Hence periodic check up is the best way to exclude possibility of glaucoma. The following symptoms may occur
Pain around eyes when coming out of darkness, Coloured haloes around light, Frequent change of glasses ,reduced vision in dim light, reduction in field of vision and blurring of vision.
A simple test to detect the intraocular pressure called tonometry is helpful in diagnosing this disease. However we also do examination of optic nerve head and field testing to confirm the presence of glaucoma.
Medications : Several drugs are available to reduce the fluid formation in the eye and enhance the drainage of fluid out of the eye thereby keeping the ocular pressure under control. Regular use of medications and periodic follow up is the key in treatment of glaucoma.
Surgery : In people whom medical treatment is insufficient to arrest glaucoma, surgery is needed. Surgery also helps to reduce the ocular pressure only. small healing is quick and recovery fast.